Synthèse bibliographique sur les problèmes phytosanitaires du palmier dattier dans la région de Ghardaïa (2010-2022)

Abstract

The objective of this thesis is to produce a bibliographic synthesis on the phytosanitary problems of date palm in the region of Ghardaïa The study begins with an analysis of the main diseases that affect the date palm, with particular attention paid to the Bayoud. This disease, caused by a fungus of the genus Fusarium, has been identified in several regions of Ghardaïa, including Ghardaïa, Bounoura, El Atteuf, Metlili, El Meniaa and Berriane. The most affected varieties are Deglet Nour, Azarza, Bent Kbala and Adem. Prophylactic measures are recommended to control the spread of Bayoud, including the use of tolerant or resistant varieties. In addition, the thesis addresses other phytosanitary issues such as mite infestations, with a focus on the yellow date palm mite (Oligonychus afrasiaticus). Climatic conditions, cultural practices and cultivars attacked have been identified as factors influencing the population dynamics of this mite. Biological control methods were also explored, including the use of antagonistic bacteria to control fusarium wilt and other diseases. Studies have shown the potential of some species of rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus to control date palm pathogens, producing antifungal metabolites and cell wall-degrading enzymes.