Etude l'impact des margines sur la culture du blé et la nature des sols, dans la région du Ghardaïa

Abstract

The Olive mill waste water is liquid trashes, produced by the process of trituration of olives during the extraction of oil. Until now, they constitute a major environmental problem for the countries producing the olive oil. This ecological problem has encouraged us to make an experimental study in order to fight against the industrial pollution, by agricultural spreading that constitute one of the solutions allowing to valorize them. It has an objective of evaluating the impact of the margins on the chemical physicist properties of the soil (PH, CE, MO) and on the wheat morphological characteristics (number of germinated seeds, length of plants, number of ears).Work had been realized on two types par soil (cultivated soil and dunes sand) of the region of Metlili, Ghardaia, and the pot culture was done on the soft wheat at the greenhouse. Four treatments of different margins (T1= 90, T2= 180, T3= 270, T4= 360 mL) compared to a witness, have been tested. The obtained results showed that spreading margins after 40 days, causes a slight decrease of pH from 8.10 to 7.51 (T4, SOLI) and from 8.85 to 8.24 (T4 SOLII), a significant increase of the electrical conductivity that has been increased progressively by soil salinity, and a soil enrichment of an organic material from 3.04 to 4.13 (T4, SOLI) and from 0.82 to 1.55 (T4 SOLII). Indeed, the obtained results of vegetal parameters showed that the contribution of the margins affects differently on the cycle of the plant development, according to the treatments. Inhibition of germination at first eight days with a negative effect on the raising, the development of tillers and the fabrication of ears.