Prévision de la prédisposition d'un échantillon de la population de Ghardaïa au risque de développement de maladies cardiovasculaires.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases represent a major public health problem due to their high prevalence. According to the World Health Organization, they were responsible for 17.9 million deaths in 2019. In Algeria, data from 2016 indicate that 76% of deaths were due to non-communicable diseases, of which 36% were attributed to cardiovascular diseases. In light of these concerning figures, we conducted a predictive study aimed at estimating the prevalence of overall cardiovascular risk within the population of the municipality of Ghardaïa, evaluating the prevalence of associated risk factors, and analyzing their distribution based on the characteristics of the studied sample. To achieve this, data from 647 individuals free of any cardiovascular disease were collected from 3 public health establishments (EPSP) in the municipality of Ghardaïa and analyzed using the Framingham Risk Score to assess individual risk. The results showed that 57.34% of the subjects had a low risk, 17.46% had a moderate risk, and 25.19% had a high risk. Men were found to be more exposed to cardiovascular risk than women, with a marked but not statistically significant difference. 60.68% of women were classified as low-risk, compared to 50.47% of men. A highly significant increase in risk was observed with age progression, in both women and men. The prevalence of risk factors observed in our sample, in descending order, was as follows: hypertension (45.74%), low HDL cholesterol (27.20%), type 2 diabetes (14.57%), hypercholesterolemia (9.89%), and smoking (3.70%). Thus, hypertension appears to be the most decisive factor in overall cardiovascular risk within this population.