Contribution à l’étude des propriétés physico- chimiques, biochimiques et thérapeutiques du miel et de quelques produits de la ruche

Abstract

This work focuses on the valorization of beekeeping products by studying their qualities through research into physicochemical and biochemical characteristics as well as the in vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity and in vivo healing activity. To achieve this, five samples of beehive products were collected from beekeepers in various regions of Algerian territory (Oued Ntissa, Hassi Lefhal, Metidja) . The physicochemical parameters revealed acidity ranging from 6± 0 to 17,33± 1,1 meq/kg and a moisture co ntent of less than 20%, indicating that our samples exhibit stability against undesirable fermentation. The electrical conductivity ranged between 0.17±0 and 2.32± 0,1 mS/cm, and the ash content varied from 0,0 4± 0,04 % to 3,89± 0, 5%. The pH values indicated that all tested products had an acidic pH between 4,50 ± 0 and 5, 20± 0, 05. The biochemical analysis showed a high protein content in pollen, reaching 32,40± 2,2%. Furthermore, the total sugar content recorded a very high value for citrus honey, at 98,87 ± 9,3%. The results of thin- layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of glucose, fructose, and galactose in most samples, except for beeswax, which showed a total absence of the standard monosaccharides used. The in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity demonstrated the impact of these products on bacterial sensitivity. Cider honey proved to be the most effective against the tested strains. In light of the obtained results, the wound healing activity showed a significant difference in the percentage of wound contraction between the beehive products. Citrus honey enabled wounds to heal faster than the other products and the negative control. However, the positive control did not show a significant difference compared to our samples, indicating that beehive products have a healing activity comparable to that of Madecassol. We conclude that the analyzed honey samples are of high quality and meet international standards. As a result, our samples can be used as natural products for treating diseases.