Évaluation de l’effet herbicide de deux Euphorbiacées : Caractérisation phytochimique et évaluation de l’impact sur la germination d’une espèce adventice.

Abstract

As part of the valorization of Saharan plant resources and the search for bio-control methods, this study focuses to evaluate the herbicidal effect of two species from the Euphorbiaceae family such as Euphorbia guyoniana and Euphorbia retusa. The study encompasses both a phytochemical analysis of aqueous leaf extracts and an évaluation of their effects on seed germination. Particular attention was given to the weed species Malva aegyptiaca and to an important cereal crop, durum wheat (Triticum durum). The extracts were obtained using the reflux method, yielding 6.5% for E. guyoniana and 6% for E. retusa. Phytochemical screening revealed richness in bioactive secondary metabolites. Some compounds are absent in specific extracts, including alkaloids in E. guyoniana and saponins in E. retusa. The biological evaluation under controlled conditions showed significant inhibition of Malva aegyptiaca seed germination , whereas wheat germination was not significantly affected according to Probit. Interestingly, low extract concentrations exhibited stimulatory effects on root and shoot growth. This study highlights the selective bioherbicidal potential of Euphorbia extracts and their promise as natural alternatives to synthetic herbicides in sustainable agriculture.