Organic chemistry – Courses and corrected exercises

Abstract

Chemistry is divided into two branches: organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry. Organic chemistry is the field that studies organic compounds. These compounds can be natural or synthetic. Organic compounds are compounds that essentially contain carbon except carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonates (K2CO3, Na2CO3, NaHCO3), cyanides (KCN, NaCN), disulphide (CS2) and carbides (CaC2) which are inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are formed by covalent bonds. They are rarely soluble in water and easily decompose by heat. Until the 19th century, organic chemistry studied the substances produced by living beings as well as the bodies resulting from their transformations. Their synthesis seemed impossible, despite many efforts, until 1828 when Wöhler achieved the impossible: he synthesized urea. But it was around the This Polycopie of “organic chemistry” is intended to students of the second year license of L2 Process Engineering and Materials Science (SM) semester module. Its use is obviously possible for students of biology, chemical engineering, etc... This manual deals with the chemical functions with a very pedagogical set of concepts and methods and it draws on a series of reference books that have led to the current understanding of organic chemistry, essential knowledge for any student moving towards the scientific field The present work is presented in four chapters. It is reinforced with examples of application in order to help the student to better assimilate the new concepts to carry out his examination. The first chapter studies nomenclatures. Find the name of a molecule by knowing the structure or find the structure of a molecule by knowing the name. The second chapter is devoted to the study of stereoisomerism. Isomers have strictly the same number of atoms but their physical, chemical and/or biological properties differ. The third chapter deals with the study of some mechanisms. The study of mechanisms provides invaluable assistance in understanding and predicting reaction processes. Introduction 2 Each chapter is accompanied by examples and applications. Thus, the reader will have to establish a relevant link between the definitions and the corresponding applications. Finally, the fourth chapter gives exercises along with their solutions. Through these exercises, the polycopie gives the keys to understand the different types of organic chemistry problems. Exercises without solution are also included to push the learning further and to encourage the student to think about the problems of organic chemistry. I used the Chem Draw (ultra 0.8) Cambridge Soft software which allows us to design the molecules and the reactions.