Contribution à l’étude phytochimique et biologique des extraits aqueux de quelques plantes spontanées sur l’orge Hordeum vulgare

Abstract

The study focuses on the biological effect of the aqueous extract of spontaneous plants (Haloxylon Scoparium; Euphorbia Guyoniana and Retama Raetam) harvested from Oued N’sa and Oudneya Africana harvested from Oued N'tissa (wilaya of Ghardaïa) in February 2024. The plants are subjected to drying, grinding and reflux extraction to produce dried extracts, phytochemical screening and testing of each extract on barley (Hordrum Vulgare), to assess their effect on physiological parameters (germination rate, growth, water content) and biochemical parameters (protein, sugar and pigment content). The tests were carried out at different doses (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of the plant extract. A high extraction yield was noted for all plants, much more so for Retama raetam with 22.29±0.28%. All four plants were rich in secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids and alkaloids. The barley tested showed an increase in growth compared with the controls, with batches treated with Oudenya africana showing maximum growth at 40% dilution with 12.62±0.35cm, and maximum germination (100%) noted at 20% in batches treated with Oudneya africana and Haloxylon scoparuim. Euphorbia guyoniana-treated batches showed high moisture levels with 87.68±5.34% at the 20% dose. Barley treated with Oudneya Africana showed high chlorophyll a+b levels at 60% with 1.013±0.33 (mg/g DM), high β-carotene levels at 60% with 1341.12±1.28 (µg/100g DM) and high sugar levels at 80% with 10.16±0.28 (g/100g DM). The high protein content was noted at the 40% dose of Haloxylon scoparuim extract with 489.25±0.0005 (μg/100g MS). Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant effect (S***) of each extract on the majority of parameters studied, compared with the controls and between the different concentrations, although the Euphorbia guyoniana plant extract showed no significant effect on water content (S0) with (F=1.466; P=0.271>0.05). The results obtained show the effectiveness of the majority of the aqueous extracts studied on the development of Hordrum Vulgare.