Évaluation de l'activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles des plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the synergistic effect of essential oils from Artemisia herba-alba L, Mentha spicata, and Rosmarinus officinalis L, which are used in traditional medicine. The oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. The antibacterial activity was tested on wild strains isolated from the diabetic feet of nine diabetic patients. The isolated bacterial strains are Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The antibacterial activity of the essential oils against the wild strains was evaluated through qualitative assessment (disk diffusion on agar medium), antibiogram, and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results showed significant values, with inhibition zones for Staphylococcus aureus measuring 18 mm, 15 mm, and 21 mm with the essential oils of Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Mentha spicata, and Rosmarinus officinalis L., respectively. Regarding the synergistic effects of these oils, the mixture (S05: 2 volumes of Rosmarinus officinalis L., and 1 volume of Artemisia herba-alba L L) showed significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (ranging from 25 to 40 mm), Staphylococcus epidermidis (33 mm), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (20 mm). Therefore, based on the MIC and MBC results, the use of these natural substances as antibacterial agents in the pharmaceutical industry can be proposed as a therapeutic alternative.