زينب, بكوشخضرة, قطاف2022-12-012022-12-012022https://dspace.univ-ghardaia.edu.dz/xmlui/handle/123456789/3956This study aims to identify the cities of the northeastern desert of Algeria through local sources before the French colonialism, specifically during the period of Ottoman rule. Old historical manuscripts, which were written in the pre-French colonial period, to identify the conditions in that period.حواضر شمال شرق الصحراء الجزائريةقبل الإستعمار الفرنسيThesis