Mémoires de Master
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Item Contribution à l’étude des facteurs favorisant le développement et la multiplication de la pyrale des dattes (Ectomyeloïs ceratonia) dans la palmeraie de Ouargla.(Faculté Science de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre - Université de Ghardaïa, 2018) MEZOUAR, Mohamed Belkheir; SALHI, HafianeThe objective of this study is to determine the main factors that favour the outbreak of date borer (Ectomyelois ceratoniae) in palm groves in the Ouargla region. To do so, we opted for an investigator approach whose tool is a survey guide containing a set of questions around the objective intended for farmers from two different agro-ecosystems. The first consists of 3 palm groves representing the old oasis system, the palm grove of Béni Brahim, the palm grove of Béni Sissine and the palm grove of Béni Ouaguine; the second is represented by a new development exploitation located in the area of Hassi Ben Abdellah. We started by determining the infestation rates for different date cultivars in different environments, such as storage sites. We found that the rates are very high in old palm groves with different values for different cultivars compared to the new plantation, where the rates remain much lower. We then proceeded to determine the parameters and factors that favour the fluctuation of these rates and explain its high values in the old palm groves of the Ouargla region. Finally, we gave some recommendations to limit the damage caused by this pest.Item Les principaux ennemis des cultures maraîchères rencontres dans les nouveaux périmètres de mise en valeur de la région d’El-Menia.(Faculté Science de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre - Université de Ghardaïa, 2017) Bousba, Zohra; Boucina, Zoubida; Abdelmalek, khédidjaIn this humble work, we have evaluated the main enemies that attack vegetable cultivation on the level of new reclamation in the Al-Meniaa area and what are the means of combating these enemies. These enemies and pests of vegetable crops cause losses each year from various agricultural products and in all agricultural fields. Knowledge of enemies and pests affecting vegetable crops is necessary to identify and quantify production losses and thus identify appropriate prevention measures. The area has witnessed significant expansion in agricultural areas, land development and the establishment of new reclamation, with various predictions of palm trees, tree crops and fodder crops as well as vegetable crops that are present in most areas. This work shows that vegetable crops are vulnerable to many pests and enemies at the level of new reclamation, causing significant damage. The main main enemies are The aphids, Whiteflies and tomato leaf miners.Item Etude des caractéristiques biologiques de quelques espèces d’Orthoptères Caelifères dans la région de Ghardaïa(Faculté Science de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre - Université de Ghardaïa, 2015) Benachar, Nacera; Chouache, Mamma LinaThis study is made in Ghardaia, which belongs to the Saharan bioclimatic stage with mild winter; our work is to study the biological characteristics of the most important species of Locusts in Beni Isguen station. Thanks the method of sweep net, the inventory of the fauna Orthoptèrologique shows the presence of 15 species. This biological study recognizes two types of species: Species of one generation in a year such as Sphingonotus rubescens, Aiolopus strepens, Ochrilidia gracilis, Heteracris harterti and Truxalis nasuta. Species with several generations in a year as Acrotylus patruelis and Pyrgomorpha cognataItem Contribution à l’étude de la flore adventice dans la Région de Ghardaïa.(Faculté Science de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre - Université de Ghardaïa, 2017) HINANA, Imane; GABANI, Noura; HAMMOUDA, Fatima ZohraThe present work Is a contribution Evaluation qualitative And quantitative Of the flora adventitious in the region From Ghardaïa and their division Space Of these species identified through an inventory floristry nearby Of two (02) stations study Metlili and Daïa Ben dahoua. Inventory completed Realization a Floristic list some change weeds. analysis results obtained Has allowed identified 28 species spread EN11 families Of weeds, whose The most abundant the family Of Poaceae, which represents 36% Number of Total species identified. This diversity In weeds is different Of a station to another Related with the diversity some change cultivated The nature of soil.Item Inventaire sur utilisation des organes du palmier dattier de vannerie dans la région "d'El Menia"(Faculté Science de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre - Université de Ghardaïa, 2017) Ben Abde RRahmane, Fatima Zohra; Bellemcherrah, Hanane; Ben Attallah, AhlamLa région d’El- Menia est considérée comme une région à vocation phoenicicole. L’ensemble des produits issus de la biomasse phoenicicole ont une grande importance dans la vie des oasiens. L’enquête effectuée dans cette région a permis d’étudier la mise en évidence d’une partie des activités de vanneries à base d’organes de palmierdattier. Le palmier dattier fournit le bois de chauffage et les ustensiles, soit au niveau du foyer ou pour les travaux dans la palmeraie. Cette enquête a permis de déduire que la vannerie est représentée par des vieux vanniers, la matière première est issue principalement du cultivar Ghars, du Dokkar et Deglet Nour. Les palmes vertes de vannerie sont celles du cœur du palmier; les pennes de la couronne moyenne sont aussi utilisées avec celles de la dernière couronne. Cette activité artisanale est pratiquée essentiellement pour des profits socio-économiques. Cette activité est le ressort des femmes. Cependant, ce savoir-faire est aussi maitrisé par les hommes. En effet, les hommes sont des spécialistes du tressage de type natte alors que les femmes sont spécialistes de la techniquespiralée cousue. D’après l’étude, ces savoirs et savoirs-faires, en relation avec la vannerie des organes du palmier dattier, sont en voie de disparition dans la région d’El- Menia; due aux changements des habitudes et des conditions de vie, ainsi que l’ouverture de la population sur le monde extérieur. La connaissance, la conservation et la valorisation des savoir-faire, pourraient constituer un perspective de développement pour ces activités en produisant des produits biologiques et propre pour l’environnementItem Etat de fonctionnement de la serre automatique de l’université de Ghardaïa(Faculté Science de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre - Université de Ghardaïa, 2017) SIRADJ, Djihad Fadila; HADJE AISSA, DjouhainaThe study aims to discover the work of the special automatic greenhouse at the State University of Ghardaïa, which is part of the Algerian desert conditions. Thanks to the automatic greenhouse identification, the components and the efficiency of its functions. For this purpose we have study the climate of the area to ensure that the establishment of the greenhouse has undergone appropriate conditions, we also have a field outline and Grammar University has greenhouse outlets to ensure the safety of the structure and The health of the effectiveness of auxiliary devices (device in charge of ventilation in the ceiling, air heating system, temperature control device, weather station, tables, insect filter ....Est.). This was during the period from February to May 2017Item Inventaire des ravageurs des cultures dans la région de Ghardaïa (cas de Mansoura)(Faculté Science de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre - Université de Ghardaïa, 2017) Belghait, Halima Saadia; Boumaaza, Soumia; Boumidouna, KhaoulaCultivated plants are the subject of the attack of various bio-aggressors which compromise the production of food. In this regard, which is part of our work, following the many research already undertaken, in the wilaya of Ghardaïa. The population targeted by our questionnaire represents good-age farmers (20 to 60 years). These farmers have some reasonable experience in agriculture. In order to unravel the effects of some bio-aggressors. It is the occurrence of the dateworm (Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller), Boufaroua (Olygonychus afrasiaticus McGregor) and white cochineal (Parlatoria blanchardi Targ.). The Boufaroua remains the most dangerous pest affecting the quality of the dates, remains a threat, not only for the precious Deglet-Nour variety, but also for all varieties existing in the Mansoura region. The main pests of fruit trees are: 30% of them have a Ceratitis. Followed 23.33% of Mineuse, 20% of Fruit Fly. The vineyard mites are the most distributed in the orchards of the vineyards of the Mansoura region. Field pests of vegetable crops that are important are; Of the Mites 50%. Followed 33.33% Mineuse. Cereals are attacked by pests that are: Aphids 40%. Tracking 30% Birds. The larachide culture is typical of the area attack by pests which are: Earthworm 50%, Monitoring 30% of Rodents, 26.66% Mite. At the end of this work, it would be advisable to continue studies on the infestation of these pests.Item Les sautereaux dans trois milieux de la région Sebseb w.Ghardaïa(Faculté Science de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre - Université de Ghardaïa, 2016) BEN ABDERRAHMANE, Bachir; KEDDICI, AbbasThis study was effected in the region of Sebseb wilaya of Ghardaïa making party Sahara Algerian. The bioclimatic is type Saharan has mild winter. For the study of grasshoppers. We chose there environments different: mid- grown, palm grove, and a bed wadi. Inven-tory of wildlife Orthoptera, shows the presence 15 species belonging to in order of Caeli-fera. There is the presence of two families and seven in families. L study on the characte-ristics ecological and biological stands of Orthoptera in the region Sebseb allowed us to evidence Dynamics of the main species studied.Item Méthodes de lutte traditionnelles utilisées dans les palmeraies de metlili(Faculté Science de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre - Université de Ghardaïa, 2017) AOUARIB, SAMIRThe objective of the study is to highlight plant protection practices and knowledge in the palm plantations of Metlili Ghardaïa. Thus it would be important to characterize this traditional know-how in order to conserve it and develop other methods that will be based on agro-ecological practices, and do not require synthetic chemicals equipment of high technological rangeKey wordsItem Caractéristiques écologiques et régime alimentaire des principales espèces de Caelifères (Orthoptères – Insectes) dans la région de Ghardaïa(Faculté Science de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre - Université de Ghardaïa, 2017) BENAOUMEUR, Azzeddine; KERKAR, Hadj BrahimThis study focused on the ecology of Orthoptera in a station at the Region of N'tissa (commune of Bounoura, Wilaya of Ghardaïa), belonging to the Saharan bioclimatic stage in mild winter. The surveys are carried out for 35 days, from 1 October to 5 November 2016. The Orthoptera inventory and the floristic surveys were carried out with a linear systematics, thus revealing the presence of fifteen species of Caelifera, divided into two families and Five sub-families, of which the Acrididae family is the most represented in terms of the number of species and number of individuals and the presence of 25 plant species in the same study region. The study of the diet of the nine selected species: Acrotylus patreulis (Hehrich-Schaeffer, 1838) and Pyrgomorpha cognata (Krauss, 1877), Acrida turrita (Linnaeus, 1758), Morphacris fasciata (Thunberg, 1815), Ochrilidia gracilis gracilis, Heteracris annulosa annulosa (Walker, 1870), Acrotylus longipes (Charpentier, 1845), Aiolopus strepens (Latreille, 1804) and Sphingonotus rubescens rubescens (Walker, 1870) shows that the most consumed plant species in the Study is Cynodon dactylon. Thus, the genus Acrotylus has a trophic range a little wider than the others.