Faculty of Natural Sciences, Life and Earth Sciences
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Item Action des huiles lourdes de graines de trois plantes spontanées du Sahara Algérien sur quelques paramètres biologiques du Criquet pèlerin(Faculté Science de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre - Université de Ghardaïa, 2023) AIT AOUDIA, AhmedOur study’s objective is to test the lethal and sub-lethal effects of heavy seed oils from three spontaneous plants from the Algerian Sahara, which are Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) and Cleome arabica L. (Capparidaceae) and Datura stramonium L. ( Solanaceae) against L5 larvae and imagos of Schistocerca gregaria Forsk. (Orthoptera-Acrididae). The treatment technique consists of injecting a dose of pure seed oil into the insect's esophagus using a micropipette. The seed oil doses injected into L5 larvae and imagoes of S. gregaria are 60 µl/individual and 120 µl/individual, respectively. The doses injected into L5 larvae and imagoes of S. gregaria are 60 µl/individual and 120 µl/individual, respectively. Forced buccal injection of heavy vegetable oils in treated L5 larvae and imagoes of S. gregaria showed various toxicological symptoms, i.e. movement disorders, diarrhea, reduction in food intake, weight loss, digestive disorders, retardation and difficulties in molting and in the extreme cases, death. S. gregaria L5 larvae treated with P. harmala seed oil showed a mortality rate of 50% after 12 days. In addition, L5 larvae treated with C. arabica seed oil had a mortality rate of 63.63% after 16 days of treatment. Whereas we obtained with D.stramonium seed oil a mortality rate of 100% after only 7 days of treatment. It seems that the most toxic seed oil on the L5 larvae of S.gregaria is that of D.stramonium followed by the oil of C.arabica and finally that of P.harmala. In addition, imagos of S. gregaria treated with P. harmala and C. arabica seed oils showed mortality rates of 50% and 45.45% respectively after 29 days. Whereas, imagoes treated with D.stramonium seed oil reached 100% mortality rate after 13 days. Similarly, D.stramonium seed oil is also found to be more toxic to S.gregaria imagos than P.harmala and C.arabica seed oils. In addition, it appeared that imagos are more sensitive to the lethal action caused by the seed oil of P.harmala compared to the seed oil of C.arabica. The evaluation of lethal time 50 (TL50), showed that the shortest TL50 are recorded in L5 larvae treated with D.stramonium seed oil, it is 3.54 days in male L5 larvae and 5.97 days in female L5 larvae, followed by male L5 larvae treated with C. arabica seed oil with 7.6 days, then that of male L5 larvae treated with P. harmala with 8.47, then that of female L5 larvae treated with P.harmala and C.arabica seed oil with 9.5 days and 11.09 days respectively. Moreover, in S. gregaria imagos the shortest TL50 are recorded in imagos treated with D. stramonium seed oil, with 5.62 days in males and 5.74 days in females, then that female and male imagos treated with P.harmala seed oil with 22.52 days and 23.48 days respectively. The highest TL50 are recorded in imagos treated with C. arabica seed oil, with 24.54 days in male imagos, and finally that of female imagos with 27.23 days. At the same time, it seems that the lethal action of D.stramonium seed oil is faster compared to the two seed oils of P.harmala and C.arabica in this locust. The deterrent effects of the tested seed oils on the appetite and digestion of this locust are reflected in the weight losses recorded in the L5 larvae and treated imagoes of S. gregaria. S.gregaria L5 larvae treated with P.harmala and C.arabica seed oils show a low weight gain of around 15.64±31.35% and 14.28±38.74% respectively. While, L5 larvae treated with D.stramonium seed oil show a drop in weight of -17.55±36.97%. In addition, a reduction in weight gain was observed in imagos of S. gregaria treated with C. arabica and P. harmala seed oils, which are respectively of the order of 21.28 ± 22.65% and 15.51±31.35%, while the imagos of S. gregaria treated with D. stramonium seed oil recorded a drop in weight gain of the order of -22.44 ± 25.02%. The three heavy vegetable oils tested have toxic effects on L5 larvae and imagos of S. gregaria, the toxic effects vary with the injected seed oil, the treatment dose, the sex and the development stage of the insect.Item Enquête sur les contraintes de la phoeniciculture dans la région de zelfana (approche biotiques et abiotiques)(جامعة غرداية, 2015) AIT AOUDIA, AhmedEn Algérie, la productivité phoenicicole ne cesse de baisser vu la fragilité des systèmes de production oasiens et les conditions extrêmes qui connaissent les régions sahariennes productrices du palmier dattier. Parmi ces régions, la commune de Zelfana est connue par sa qualité des dattes du cultivar du Deglet Nour qu’elles produisent. Néanmoins, Cette productivité est affectée par plusieurs contraintes. Les résultats obtenus, après avoir échantillonné 32 exploitations dans la région de Zelfana, durant ce travail montrent que les principales contraintes peuvent êtres liées au degré de salinité et la sécheresse des sols et les inondations d’oued, aux fortes températures et le siroco et les vents de sables et aux maladies comme boufaroua qui cause des dégâts allant jusqu'à la destruction totale de la récolte. La connaissance des contraintes du palmier dattier est indispensable pour trouver des moyens de lutte afin de protéger le palmier dattier qui forme une structure de base dans ces écosystèmes sahariens.***********In Algeria, the phoenicicole productivity is in a continuous decrease in regard of oasis production systems and the extreme condition of the Saharan regions producers of date palm. Amongthese regions, the town of Zelfanaknown for its date’s quality of cultivar of Deglet Nour that produces. However, this productivity is affected by multiple constraints. The obtained results, after sampling 32 exploitations in the region of Zelfana during this work demonstrate that the principal constraints can be combined with the salinity degree, the drought lands and the valley floods, also with high temperatures, sirocco, sandy winds and with diseases like Bofarwa that causes damages which can attend the total destruction of harvest and of the moth dates. The Knowledge of the date palm constraints is essential in order to find ways to fight for the date palm protection which shape a basic structure of the Saharan ecosystem.Item Enquête sur les contraintes de la phoeniciculture dans la région de zelfana (approche biotiques et abiotiques)(جامعة غرداية, 2015) AIT AOUDIA, AhmedEn Algérie, la productivité phoenicicole ne cesse de baisser vu la fragilité des systèmes de production oasiens et les conditions extrêmes qui connaissent les régions sahariennes productrices du palmier dattier. Parmi ces régions, la commune de Zelfana est connue par sa qualité des dattes du cultivar du Deglet Nour qu’elles produisent. Néanmoins, Cette productivité est affectée par plusieurs contraintes. Les résultats obtenus, après avoir échantillonné 32 exploitations dans la région de Zelfana, durant ce travail montrent que les principales contraintes peuvent êtres liées au degré de salinité et la sécheresse des sols et les inondations d’oued, aux fortes températures et le siroco et les vents de sables et aux maladies comme boufaroua qui cause des dégâts allant jusqu'à la destruction totale de la récolte. La connaissance des contraintes du palmier dattier est indispensable pour trouver des moyens de lutte afin de protéger le palmier dattier qui forme une structure de base dans ces écosystèmes sahariens.