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    مدينة غدامس ودورها في التجارة الصحراوية خلال القرنين 12ه-18م/13ه-19م
    (جامعة غرداية, 2022) أم الخير, رزاق; الهادي, غرارة
    The caravan trade of the city of Ghadames is amajor source of trade that existed in the Libyandesert during the 18th and 19th centuries, whichled to the diversity of products that wereexported and imported between libyan territories, which indicates the multiplicity of trade, roadsand trade routes that reflected positively theprosperity of desert trade, but the emergence ofthe colonial movement in the region in the early19th century prevented this, which was the reason for the demise of this traditional tradethrough agreements and treaties and thededication of companies Monopoly has had anegative impact on Ghadames and other commercial centers.
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    جهود الجيش العثماني في تحرير بلاد المغارب خلال القرن10ه/16م
    (جامعة غرداية, 2022) إيمان, بوظفر; أم الخير, رزاق
    The western basin of the Mediterranean witnessed during the 10th century AH / 16th century AD the emergence of an Islamic- Christian conflict represented in the Ottoman Empire , bearing the banner of Islam, and the Spanish State bearing the banner of the Cross. On the other hand, the southern bank of it was living in disintegration and a struggle for power , which facilitated and contributed greatly In the exposure of the Maghreb to the Iberian invasion , where the latter was watching from afar and waiting for the appropriate opportunity to do so , the great marsa was occupied in 1505 AD , Oran 1509 AD, Bejaia 1510 AD, Tripoli in the West 1510 AD , but the brightness of the star of the Barbaros family in the Maghreb countries changed the course of events , so that they were able to confront with all strength, valor and courage the Christian Crusader tide, as they had a great favour for the liberation of some cities and the Maghreb coasts, as well as drawing and directing the attention of the Ottoman Empire to the region , which annexed Algeria in 1519 AD and Tripoli in 138 the West in 1551 AD and Tunisia In the year 1574 AD , the Ottoman rule , and thus the Maghreb countries were liberated thanks to the efforts of the Ottoman army during the 16th century AD .